弧菌拮抗菌的筛选及其对凡纳滨对虾的抑菌防病作用

从海洋沉积物中分离到2株弧菌拮抗菌(H2和H4),经生理生化特性、16S rRNA基因序列分析分别鉴定为短小芽孢杆菌(Bacillus pumilus H2)和地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis H4). H2和H4菌株均对需钠弧菌的生长有显著的抑制作用;但只有H2菌株在模拟养殖动物小肠环境中生长良好. 选择H2进行模拟试验(20尾凡纳滨对虾虾苗为1组).结果表明,对照组(不接种)虾苗存活32h,接种弧菌的试验组虾苗仅存活16h,同时接种H2菌株和弧菌的试验组虾苗存活48h,而仅接种H2菌株的试验组虾苗存活了72h,说明菌株H2可显著提高凡纳滨对虾的存活时间.现场试验中,100L养殖池中(50尾虾/池),分别接种0 (对照), 103, 104 CFU/mL的H2菌株并养殖14d,再用104 CFU/mL需钠弧菌处理14d.接种104 CFU/mL H2菌株的试验组,虾的死亡率仅为12.5%,显著低于对照组的30.8%(P0.05).     

Effects of a municipal effluent on the freshwater mussel Elliptio complanata following challenge with Vibrio anguillarum

The purpose of this study was to examine the cumulative effects of exposure to a pathogenic bacteria and municipal effluent in the freshwater mussel Elliptio complanata. Mussels were exposed to increasing concentrations of an ozone-treated effluent at 15°C for 7 days. A sub-group of mussels was inoculated with Vibrio anguillarum and exposed to the same conditions as above.After the exposure period, mussels were collected to assess hemocyte count and viability,immunocompetence(phagocytosis and nitrite production), oxidative stress/inflammation(cyclooxygenase and lipid peroxidation) and oxygen radical/xenobiotic scavenging activity(metallothioniens, glutathione S-transferase). The results showed that mussels exposed to municipal effluent had increased hemocyte counts, phagocytosis, nitrites, lipid peroxidation and metallothioneins. In the inoculated mussels, the same responses were observed, in addition to cyclooxygenase and glutathione S-transferase activities. Multivariate analyses revealed that(1)the response pattern changed with effluent concentration, where increased responses observed at low effluent concentrations(10%, V/V) were attenuated at higher effluent concentrations,(2)the effluent produced more pronounced changes in lipid peroxidation, metallothionein and hemocyte viability, and(3) the simultaneous presence of V. anguillarum led to more important changes in hemocyte count and viability and nitrite levels. In conclusion, the presence of V.anguillarum could alter the response of mussels to municipal effluent, which could lead to increased inflammation in mussels.     

典型城市黑臭河道水体生物毒性研究

以黑臭为特征的城市内河污染近来受到关注,检测和分析污染河流水质的生物毒性对水质标识和生态评价十分必要。本研究逐月检测了温州市九山外河(JS River)和山下河(SX River)两条典型黑臭河道水样对斑马鱼、发光细菌和热带爪蟾胚胎的毒性效应。结果显示,黑臭河道水体对斑马鱼、发光细菌(青海弧菌Vibrio Qinghaiensis Q67)和爪蟾胚胎均具有毒性效应。以斑马鱼死亡率和发光细菌相对抑光率表征的水质综合毒性较一致,且以发光细菌更为敏感。爪蟾胚胎致畸实验主要通过存活率和畸形率来表征水体的毒性。3类生物监测均显示SX水体毒性明显高于JS整体毒性,这与两条河黑臭程度相一致。通过发光细菌检测水体综合毒性的分析,显示SX和JS水体毒性在5月-8月的夏季较高,冬春季节较低,表明黑臭河道水质毒性季节性变化与水体温度(T)和溶解氧(DO)值关系密切。本研究结果可为污染水体生物毒性检测和黑臭水体综合评价及后续治理提供依据。